Federal System
| Federal Govt | · Dual Govt (i.e. national government and regional government)
· Written Constitution · Division of powers b/w the national and regional govt. · Supremacy of the Constitution · Rigid Constitution · Independent judiciary · Bicameral legislature (upper House →Represent states & L. House → represent people of India as whole |
| Non-Federal Govt or Unitary Government | · Single Citizenship
· Constitution – written or unwritten · No division of powers – Strong centre →more sub in Upper list · Flexible or rigid Constitution · Integrated or independent Judiciary · Bicameral or unicameral legislature. |
| Federal feature of Indian Constitution | · Dual Polity
· Written Constitution · Division of Powers · Supremacy of the Constitution · Rigid Constitution · Independent Judiciary · Bicameralism |
| Unitary features of the Indian Constitution | · Strong Centre
· States not indestructible · Single citizenship · Flexibility of the Constitution · No equality of state representation · Emergency provisions · Single Citizenship · Integrated judiciary · All India Services · Integrated Audit Machinery · Parliament’s Authority Over State List · Appointment of Governor · Integrated Election Machinery · Veto Over State Bills |
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