Exam Time Synopsis:
Non-profit making groups formed for the social welfare of mankind are know as NGOs.
| Historical background- | Begin with the formation of Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission etc. Worked for relief, rehabilitation, removing social evils etc. |
| Registration | Can be as society, trust, cooperative, civil society or charitable company. |
| Role | For awareness, education, research, the welfare of marginalized sections, skilling, training, surveying, environment protection, development of rural areas, culture revival, healthcare facilities. |
| Funding- | Both government and foreign. Foreign funding under FCRA 2010. Exemption under IT Act Sec 80G. |
| Issues with NGOs- | Opaqueness, lack of accountability, hidden motives, interference, foreign influence, partnership with non-state actors. |
| The problem of NGOs- | Lack of funding, accreditation, trained personal, reach, corruption, public distrust. |
| Constitutional Provisions | Article 19(1)(c), Article 43(b), Entry 32 of State list and Entry 10 and 28 of Concurrent list |
| Statutes for NGO- | Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010, Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. |
| NGOs and RTI- | As per SC decision, now NGOs with substantial government funding comes under the public authority under RTI act. |
| Way forward | Need for accreditation agency, need for monitoring and surveillance, proper funding, need for policy, deregulation to certain extent. |
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