Prime Minister   (Art 74-78) Prime Minister ·         De facto Executive. ·         President – De Jure Executive Art 75 ·       There shall be Prime Minister appointed by the president ·       POI appoint Prime Minister using conventions according to the parliament system ·       In 1980, the Delhi High Court→ Constitution does not require that a person must […]

Vice –President [Article – 63-71]   Vice President ·         Office is modelled – American Vice President ·         Second highest office after President of India. ·         elected by the members of an electoral college – UH, LH M ·         both elected and nominated members of the Parliament ·         the members of the state legislative (Not include)

President    Union Executive ·         The Union Executive consists of the President, the Vice-President, the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers and the Attorney General of India. ·         The President is the head of the State. ·         He is the first citizen of India – acts as the symbol of unity, integrity and solidarity of

Emergency Provision Articles 352 to 360 →Part XVIII To meet abnormal situation to normal. During an Emergency →The Central government becomes all powerful and Covert Federal into unitary system. 3 Types – 1.       Art. 352 (National Emer) 2.       Art 360 (Financial Emer) 3.       Art 356 (State Emer/President’s Rule)   Article 352 – National Emergency  

  Inter – state Relations Introduction ·         Successful federal system depends on the harmonious Relations between the Centre & state and also between states – inter- states. ·         Constitution regarding to 4 inter-state comities. (a) INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES Article 262 → Adjudication of inter-state water disputes. → Parl. may provide Adjudication n on these and

Centre- State Relation Introduction ·         Federal– divides all powers (legislative, executive and financial) ·         No division in Judicial system – Integrated Judicial ·         Max harmony & coordination b/w them – for effective Centre state relation.   Legislative Relations Art 245- 255 – Part XI Territorial extent of Centre & state Legislature [Art 245]   ·        

Federal System Federal Govt ·         Dual Govt (i.e. national government and regional government) ·         Written Constitution ·         Division of powers b/w the national and regional govt. ·         Supremacy of the Constitution ·         Rigid Constitution ·         Independent judiciary ·         Bicameral legislature (upper House →Represent states & L. House → represent people of India as whole Non-Federal

Introduction – Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary form of government, both at State (Art. 163 & 164) and Centre (Article 74 & 75). Parl. Govt – Executive is responsible → to the legislature for its policies and acts Presidential system Not responsible to the legislature for its policies and act Cabinet Govt Parliamentary

Shankari Prasadh Case (1951) ·         First amendment act 1951 – Article 31A added (Right to property) ·         Right to property was challenged ·         SC: Power to amend the Constitution under Art 368 includes power to amend the FR ·         Art 13 “law” includes – only ordinary laws and not CAA ·         Parliament can abridge FR

Procedure for Amendment 1.       Amendment allows the constitution to adjust to society as it changes. 2.       Article 368 (Part XX) – Power of the Parliament to amend the constitution and procedure therefore. Ø  Parliament can add, change or repeat any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure. Ø  SC in Keshvananda Bharti case