Public Interest Litigation   Public Interest Litigation Originated and developed in the USA in 1960. To provide legal representation to previously unrepresented groups and interest. Meaning of PIL ·         PIL is a product of the judicial activism role of the Supreme Court. It was introduced in 1980s. ·         PIL is a product of the judicial […]

Judicial Activism   Origin ·         Concept originated and developed in USA. ·         In 1947 by Arthur Schlesinger Jr., an American historian and educator. ·         In India, introduced in 1970s. By Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer, Justice P.N. Bhagwati, Justice O. Chinnappa Reddy and Justice D.A. Desai MEANING OF JUDICIAL ACTIVISM   ·         Denotes the proactive role

Judicial Review   Introduction ·         The doctrine of judicial review originated and developed in the USA. ·         1803 case: Marbury v. Madison  by John Marshall, the then chief justice of the American ·         Supreme Court. ·         Indian constitution confers the power of judicial review upon the SC and HCs. ·         SC has declared JR to

  Supreme Court   Introduction ·         Indian Constitution has established an integrated (both Central & state law)  judicial system (GOI Act, 1935 had a similar system) ·         SC at the top: inaugurated 1950 ·         HLs below it ·         Hierarchy of subordinate courts; district courts and lower courts. ·         Articles 124-174, Part – V of the

Parliamentary Groups   Introduction ·         Autonomous body ·         All member of Parliament (present or former member) ·         Founded in 1949 ·         It is an international organisation of Parl. of sovereign states. ·         153 parliamentary of sovereign states of Internation organisation. Objectives ·         Promote contacts b/w mem. of POI. ·         Arrange seminar, discussion, orientation courses. ·        

Parliamentary Forums   Introduction ·         1st Parliamentary Forum was constituted in year 2005 on: Water Conservation and Management. ·         Subsequently 7 more forums were constituted. ·         At Present, there are 8 parliamentary Forums :- a.       Parliamentary Forum (P.F.) on water cons and Mgmt (2005) b.       PF on Youth (2006); c.        PF on children P.F. on

Parliamentary Committees Meaning ·         Parliamentary functions are complex, voluminous – no adequate time and expertise for detailed scrutiny of legislative measures. ·         Assisted by a number of committees in discharge of his duties. ·         The Constitution does not mention committees directly in specific provisions – mentioned throughout – matter is dealt by the rules of

Parliament   Introduction ·         Parliament is the legislative organ of the government of India. ·         Based on the British pattern – Westminster model of government. ·         Part V – Article 79-122 – deal with organisation, composition, duration,officers, producers, privileges, powers etc of the Parliament. Organisation [Art 79] ·         The Lok Sabha (House of the People,

Cabinet Committees Features of Cabinet Committee 1.       They are extra constitutional and emergence – not mentioned in Constitution – rules of business provide for establishment. 2.       Two types – standing and ad hoc –  Standing is temporary &ad hoc is permanent. 3.       Setup by the PM – according to the requirements of the situation-number, nomenclature,

Central Council of Minister Article 74 ·         There shall be a Council of Ministers with the PM at the head, advise the President, who shall in the exercise of his actions act accordingly. ·         POI can ask for reconsideration. ·         42nd and 44th CAA – advice binding on President – cannot be enquired by court.